OpenAI to lease massive new AI data centre in U.S., backed by Nvidia

ChatGPT-maker OpenAI will lease a massive new data centre in the United States for 20 years, backed by a $105 billion financing commitment from Nvidia, according to a regulatory filing published Monday.

The project will be built on the site of a former Cold War-era uranium enrichment plant in Ohio and could eventually grow to have 8 gigawatts of capacity, making it the largest single data centre for artificial intelligence (AI).

The data centre will also run “exclusively” on Nvidia chips.

SoftBank and the data centre’s owner, a subsidiary called SB Energy, will invest more than $4 billion into local energy infrastructure and “build at least 10 GW of new energy generation” to power the data centre. OpenAI will commit $40 million to “support local priorities.”

Additionally, Nvidia will invest $1.5 billion into SB Energy, though the company preemptively pushed back on critiques concerning so-called circular financing. It has fuelled fears about an AI bubble that will eventually burst.

“OpenAI will pay the lease,” Nvidia wrote in a blog post on Monday, and continued that the deal was produced with “the same discipline we apply to supply-chain management.”

However, Nvidia’s financing guarantee, its largest, marks a shift in scale for a practice that has become common in the sector: despite explosive revenue expansion, AI developers still depend on financial backing from their own suppliers to build the giant infrastructure underpinning this technological revolution.

Nvidia previously considered providing a backstop of $250 billion dollars, according to the Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg in July. Nvidia’s shares fell by 5 percent after those reports but they’re up by more than 19 percent this year.

“This is going to be a huge site, with enough computing power to help millions of people use AI to do things we can only start to imagine today,” OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said in an official note.

OpenAI expects the project to create 35,000 temporary construction jobs over six years and 2,500 “long-term operating jobs,” it said in a blog post.

Promises about jobs and energy investments are a response to growing hostility toward data centres. It need heavy amounts of electricity and water to operate.

More than 70 percent of Americans oppose building them near their homes, according to a Gallup poll from March, and rising electricity bills, attributed in part to these sites, are fueling debate in the midterm elections.

OpenAI and SB Energy maintain that they will cover the data centre’s energy and infrastructure costs without passing them on to local residents.

It will initially have 4.25 GW of capacity with the possibility of adding an additional 3.75 GW. A nuclear power plant can provide around 1 GW of energy.

Last year, OpenAI, Nvidia and SoftBank, alongside other partners including Oracle, also unveiled a $500 billion, multiyear data centre project called Stargate, in which they’ve committed to building out 10 GW of capacity across multiple sites. Half of that capacity is being built in UAE.

Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which now owns his AI subsidiary SpaceXAI, has 1 GW of capacity at its Colossus data centres across Tennessee and Mississippi. Meta has a 5 GW data centre project in Louisiana.